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Biological activities of complement activation proteins, with relevance to AD. |
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| Name |
Biological activity |
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| C1q |
Enhances Aβ aggregation [43,44]; may facilitate Aβ clearance [56]; enhances Aβ-induced cytokine secretion by microglia [49] |
| C3a |
Anaphylatoxin (increases capillary permeability) [155] ; protects neurons vs. excitotoxicity [52] |
| C3b |
Immune adherence and opsonization [89] (may facilitate Aβ clearance by phagocytic microglia) |
| C4a |
Anaphylatoxin (weak) [156] |
| C5a |
Anaphylatoxin; protects neurons vs. excitotoxicity [51]; chemotaxic attraction of microglia [46,47]; inhibits apoptosis 54; increases cytokine release from Aβ-primed monocytes [48] |
| C5b-9 |
Neurotoxicity [50]; sublytic concentrations may have both pro- and anti- inflammatory activities [157] |
Loeffler Journal of Neuroinflammation 2004 1:18 doi:10.1186/1742-2094-1-18 |
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